Cognitively Thinking...

Cognitive learning theory is centered around the nature of learning itself.  Jean Piaget was an early cognitive theorist in the 1950s and 1960s.  His theory of cognitive development was built the idea that learning occurs in stages.  His stages were sequential and hierarchical.  He believed that the level of attainment of knowledge was determined by heredity and environment.  Cognitive theorists believe that there are two memories, short term (sometimes called working memory) and long term.  The perspective of the cognitive theorist is that learning is very much related to how a computer operates.

Information Processing

According to Dr. David Sousa in his book Engaging the Rewired Brain, new research using brain scans have emerged prompting cognitive scientists to realign their memory models.  Information (i.e. new learning; lessons) come in to the working memory.  This memory has a limited capacity (usually 5-7 items).  In order for information to move from short term working memory, we must make sense and meaning of the new information and determine whether it relates to already known information.  

Technology Pros

When we know how we learn and retain information, technology can benefit the teacher immensely.  We can use technology to help build student background knowledge.  When new information is related to known information retention happens.  We have the ability to cycle information to students in order to present new learning many times in order for students to obtain it.  When students are engaged and motivated, they also have a higher ability to retain information.  

Technology Cons

There is a concern over distractability with technology.  Many teachers state that students are easily distracted while using technology.  Another issue with learning retention when it comes to technology is that it is just easier to look something up on the computer rather than memorizing it.  Therefore it never gets to long term memory.